はじめに
この記事は、仕事(ソフトウェア開発)の中で、ある特定のプロセスのハンドルリークを何とかしようとしたときの備忘録です。
背景
筆者の本業（ソフトウェア開発）の同じ部門の別プロジェクトで、ハンドルリークに苦しんでいるプロジェクトがあり、技術的になんとかならないか？という相談を先日受けました。
聞いたところによると、問題は、ある特定のプロセスがハンドルリークしていて、そのプロセスが参照しているIntelのグラフィックドライバのライブラリ内でハンドルの解放を行っていなかったことまでは分かったのですが、リークし続けるハンドルを何とか解放できないか？ということで、C#のアプリとして、他のプロセスの抱えているハンドル一覧とハンドルの解放を行う方法がないかを調査しました。
最近は、プログラム的な実現手段は、ネット検索すれば、ほとんど入手できるといっていいほど充実しており、このサイトも、そういったことができるといいと思っていますが、中には、ネット検索でもほとんど見つからないこともあります。
今回のことは、まさにそれでした。
まず、あるプロセスのハンドル一覧を取得する、という「目的」をキーワードにしても、検索で引っかかることは、ほとんどがハンドル数の取得までで、ハンドル一覧を取得する方法は、日本語のサイトでは見つからず、海外のサイトでポツポツ見つかる程度でした。
ということで、以下、いろいろ調査して動作確認までできた結果をコードで書き残しておきます。
Handles.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
namespace CloseHandleUtil
{
public class HandleInfo
{
public IntPtr Handle { get; set; }
public string Type { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public IntPtr Object { get; set; }
public IntPtr UniqueProcessId { get; set; }
public uint GrantedAccess { get; set; }
public ushort CreatorBackTraceIndex { get; set; }
public ushort ObjectTypeIndex { get; set; }
public uint HandleAttributes { get; set; }
public uint Reserved { get; set; }
}
public static class Handles
{
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
static extern NT_STATUS NtDuplicateObject(
IntPtr SourceProcessHandle,
IntPtr SourceHandle,
IntPtr TargetProcessHandle,
out IntPtr TargetHandle,
uint DesiredAccess, uint Attributes, uint Options);
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
static extern NT_STATUS NtQueryObject(
IntPtr ObjectHandle,
ObjectInformationClass ObjectInformationClass,
IntPtr ObjectInformation,
int ObjectInformationLength,
out int returnLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint QueryDosDevice(
string lpDeviceName,
StringBuilder lpTargetPath,
int ucchMax);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern int CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr OpenProcess(
ProcessAccessFlags dwDesiredAccess,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool bInheritHandle,
int dwProcessId);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool DuplicateHandle(
IntPtr hSourceProcessHandle,
IntPtr hSourceHandle,
IntPtr hTargetProcessHandle,
out IntPtr lpTargetHandle,
uint dwDesiredAccess,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool bInheritHandle,
DuplicateOptions dwOptions);
[Flags]
enum DuplicateOptions : uint
{
DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE = (0x00000001),
DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS = (0x00000002),
}
const uint PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE = 0x0040;
const uint PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION = 0x0400U;
const uint PROCESS_VM_READ = 0x0010U;
const int MAX_PATH = 260;
public static bool CloseHandleEx(int pid, IntPtr handle)
{
IntPtr hProcess = OpenProcess(ProcessAccessFlags.DupHandle, false, pid);
IntPtr dupHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
bool success = DuplicateHandle(hProcess, handle, IntPtr.Zero, out dupHandle, 0, false, DuplicateOptions.DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE);
CloseHandle(hProcess);
return success;
}
public enum ProcessAccessFlags : uint
{
All = 0x001F0FFF,
Terminate = 0x00000001,
CreateThread = 0x00000002,
VMOperation = 0x00000008,
PROCESS_VM_READ = 0x10,
VMWrite = 0x00000020,
DupHandle = 0x00000040,
SetInformation = 0x00000200,
QueryInformation = 0x00000400,
Synchronize = 0x00100000
}
public static IEnumerable<HandleInfo> EnumProcessHandles(int pid)
{
using (var proc = Process.GetProcessById(pid))
{
IntPtr hProcess = OpenProcess(ProcessAccessFlags.DupHandle, false, pid);
foreach (var shi in EnumHandles(pid))
{
IntPtr hObj = IntPtr.Zero;
string hType = null;
string hName = null;
try
{
if (shi.HandleValue.ToInt32() == 1104)
{
Debug.Print("Debug");
}
if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtDuplicateObject(hProcess,
shi.HandleValue,
Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle,
out hObj, 0, 0, 0)))
{
continue;
}
using (var nto1 = new NtObject(hObj, ObjectInformationClass.ObjectTypeInformation, typeof(OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION)))
{
try
{
var oti = ObjectTypeInformationFromBuffer(nto1.Buffer);
hType = oti.Name.ToString();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Debug.Print(e.Message);
Debug.Print(e.Source);
Debug.Print(e.StackTrace);
}
}
if (hType.Equals("File"))
{
if (shi.GrantedAccess == 0x0012019f // seems mandatory (named pipes)
|| shi.GrantedAccess == 0x001a019f // blocking named pipe (not a file anyways)
// Ignore certain flags combinations that are
// frequently associated with system files and
// folders. This gives us a large performance
// advantage at the cost of some open file handles
// potentially being missed. Since we don't have
// control over what happens shortly after, we
// cannot be perfect anyway.
|| shi.GrantedAccess == 0x00100000 // SYNCHRONIZE only
|| shi.GrantedAccess == 0x00160001 // used on directories
|| shi.GrantedAccess == 0x00100001 // used on directories
|| shi.GrantedAccess == 0x00100020) // used on SxS files
{
continue;
}
}
else
{
using (var nto2 = new NtObject(hObj, ObjectInformationClass.ObjectNameInformation, typeof(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION)))
{
try
{
var oni = ObjectNameInformationFromBuffer(nto2.Buffer);
if (hType.Equals("File"))
{
hName = GetRegularFileNameFromDevice(oni.Name.ToString());
}
else
{
hName = oni.Name.ToString();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Debug.Print(e.Message);
Debug.Print(e.Source);
Debug.Print(e.StackTrace);
}
}
}
HandleInfo hi = new HandleInfo();
hi.Handle = shi.HandleValue;
hi.Type = hType;
hi.Name = hName;
hi.CreatorBackTraceIndex = shi.CreatorBackTraceIndex;
hi.GrantedAccess = shi.GrantedAccess;
hi.HandleAttributes = shi.HandleAttributes;
hi.Object = shi.Object;
hi.ObjectTypeIndex = shi.ObjectTypeIndex;
hi.Reserved = shi.Reserved;
hi.UniqueProcessId = shi.UniqueProcessId;
yield return hi;
}
finally
{
CloseHandle(hObj);
}
}
CloseHandle(hProcess);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Works much like as <c>(OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION)Marshal.PtrToStructure(buffer, typeof(OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION))</c>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer">Pointer to byte buffer of OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION.</param>
/// <returns>C# interpretation of OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION; it contains references to the buffer
/// and the buffer should not be released until finishing access to the structure.</returns>
static OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION ObjectTypeInformationFromBuffer(IntPtr buffer)
{
unsafe {
return *(OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION*)buffer.ToPointer();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Works much like as <c>(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION)Marshal.PtrToStructure(buffer, typeof(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION))</c>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer">Pointer to byte buffer of OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION.</param>
/// <returns>C# interpretation of OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION; it contains references to the buffer
/// and the buffer should not be released until finishing access to the structure.</returns>
static OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION ObjectNameInformationFromBuffer(IntPtr buffer)
{
unsafe {
return *(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION*)buffer.ToPointer();
}
}
class NtObject : IDisposable
{
public NtObject(IntPtr hObj, ObjectInformationClass infoClass, Type type)
{
Init(hObj, infoClass, Marshal.SizeOf(type));
}
public NtObject(IntPtr hObj, ObjectInformationClass infoClass, int estimatedSize)
{
Init(hObj, infoClass, estimatedSize);
}
public void Init(IntPtr hObj, ObjectInformationClass infoClass, int estimatedSize)
{
Close();
// NOTE:
// Buffer may be referenced by certain fields in m_obj and should not be
// released before releasing m_obj.
Buffer = Query(hObj, infoClass, estimatedSize);
}
public void Close()
{
if (Buffer != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(Buffer);
Buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// Return the buffer. You can use <see cref="Marshal.PtrToStructure"/> to get the actual
/// structure from the buffer.
/// Basically I want to provide NTObject<T> but C# generics does not allow me to
/// use T* pointer if T is a generic parameter.
/// </summary>
public IntPtr Buffer { get; private set; }
public static IntPtr Query(IntPtr hObj, ObjectInformationClass infoClass, int estimatedSize)
{
int size = estimatedSize;
IntPtr buf = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(size);
int retsize = 0;
while (true)
{
var ret = NtQueryObject(hObj, infoClass, buf, size, out retsize);
if (NT_SUCCESS(ret))
return buf;
if (ret == NT_STATUS.INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH || ret == NT_STATUS.BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
{
buf = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(buf, retsize);
size = retsize;
}
else
{
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(buf);
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
}
}
}
static _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO_EX SystemExtendedHandleFromPtr(IntPtr ptr, int offset)
{
unsafe
{
var p = (byte*)ptr.ToPointer() + offset;
return *(_SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO_EX*)p;
}
}
static int lastSizeUsed = 0x10000;
static IEnumerable<_SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO_EX> EnumHandles(int processId)
{
int size = lastSizeUsed;
IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(size);
try
{
int required;
while (NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemExtendedHandleInformation, buffer, size, out required) == NT_STATUS.INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
{
size = required;
buffer = Marshal.ReAllocCoTaskMem(buffer, size);
}
// FIXME: it should be race condition safe...
if (lastSizeUsed < size)
lastSizeUsed = size;
// sizeof(SYSTEM_HANDLE) is 16 on 32-bit and 42 on 64-bit due to padding issues
int entrySize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(_SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO_EX));
int offset = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(IntPtr)) * 2;
int handleCount = Marshal.ReadInt32(buffer);
for (int i = 0; i < handleCount; i++)
{
var shi = SystemExtendedHandleFromPtr(buffer, offset + entrySize * i);
if (shi.UniqueProcessId != new IntPtr(processId))
continue;
yield return shi;
}
}
finally
{
if (buffer != IntPtr.Zero)
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(buffer);
}
}
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
static extern NT_STATUS NtQuerySystemInformation(
int SystemInformationClass,
IntPtr SystemInformation,
int SystemInformationLength,
out int ReturnLength);
struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO_EX
{
public IntPtr Object;
public IntPtr UniqueProcessId;
public IntPtr HandleValue;
public uint GrantedAccess;
public ushort CreatorBackTraceIndex;
public ushort ObjectTypeIndex;
public uint HandleAttributes;
public uint Reserved;
}
const int SystemExtendedHandleInformation = 64;
enum NT_STATUS : uint
{
SUCCESS = 0x00000000,
BUFFER_OVERFLOW = 0x80000005,
INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH = 0xC0000004
}
static bool NT_SUCCESS(NT_STATUS status)
{
return ((uint)status & 0x80000000) == 0;
}
enum ObjectInformationClass : int
{
ObjectBasicInformation = 0,
ObjectNameInformation = 1,
ObjectTypeInformation = 2,
ObjectAllTypesInformation = 3,
ObjectHandleInformation = 4
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION
{ // Information Class 1
public UNICODE_STRING Name;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
struct UNICODE_STRING
{
private IntPtr reserved;
public IntPtr Buffer;
public ushort Length
{
get { return (ushort)(reserved.ToInt64() & 0xffff); }
}
public ushort MaximumLength
{
get { return (ushort)(reserved.ToInt64() >> 16); }
}
public override string ToString()
{
if (Buffer == IntPtr.Zero)
return "";
return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(Buffer, Wcslen());
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculate string length in C's wcslen compatible way.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Length of the string.</returns>
public int Wcslen()
{
unsafe
{
ushort* p = (ushort*)Buffer.ToPointer();
for (ushort i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
if (p[i] == 0)
return i;
}
return Length;
}
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct GENERIC_MAPPING
{
public int GenericRead;
public int GenericWrite;
public int GenericExecute;
public int GenericAll;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
struct OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION
{
public UNICODE_STRING Name;
public uint TotalNumberOfObjects;
public uint TotalNumberOfHandles;
public uint TotalPagedPoolUsage;
public uint TotalNonPagedPoolUsage;
public uint TotalNamePoolUsage;
public uint TotalHandleTableUsage;
public uint HighWaterNumberOfObjects;
public uint HighWaterNumberOfHandles;
public uint HighWaterPagedPoolUsage;
public uint HighWaterNonPagedPoolUsage;
public uint HighWaterNamePoolUsage;
public uint HighWaterHandleTableUsage;
public uint InvalidAttributes;
public GENERIC_MAPPING GenericMapping;
public uint ValidAccess;
public byte SecurityRequired;
public byte MaintainHandleCount;
public ushort MaintainTypeList;
public int PoolType;
public int PagedPoolUsage;
public int NonPagedPoolUsage;
}
static readonly string NETWORK_PREFIX = @"\Device\Mup\";
static string GetRegularFileNameFromDevice(string strRawName)
{
if (strRawName.StartsWith(NETWORK_PREFIX))
return @"\\" + strRawName.Substring(NETWORK_PREFIX.Length);
string strFileName = strRawName;
foreach (var drvPath in Environment.GetLogicalDrives())
{
var drv = drvPath.Substring(0, 2);
var sb = new StringBuilder(MAX_PATH);
if (QueryDosDevice(drv, sb, MAX_PATH) == 0)
return strRawName;
string drvRoot = sb.ToString();
if (strFileName.StartsWith(drvRoot))
{
strFileName = drv + strFileName.Substring(drvRoot.Length);
break;
}
}
return strFileName;
}
}
}
コメントはほぼありません。
参考にしたサイトは、以下です。
Handles.csの使い方1(特定プロセスのハンドル一覧の取得)
foreach (HandleInfo hi in Handles.EnumProcessHandles(pid))
{
string[] itemStr = new string[9];
itemStr[0] = "0x"+hi.Handle.ToString("X");
itemStr[1] = hi.Type;
itemStr[2] = hi.Name;
itemStr[3] = "0x" + hi.GrantedAccess.ToString("X");
itemStr[4] = "0x" + hi.HandleAttributes.ToString("X");
itemStr[5] = "0x" + hi.CreatorBackTraceIndex.ToString("X");
itemStr[6] = "0x" + hi.Object.ToString("X");
itemStr[7] = "0x" + hi.ObjectTypeIndex.ToString("X");
itemStr[8] = "0x" + hi.Reserved.ToString("X");
ListViewItem i = new ListViewItem(itemStr);
listViewProcessHandle.Items.Add(i);
}
特定プロセスのハンドル一覧の取得し、ListViewに追加するロジックです。
Handles.csの使い方2(ハンドルのクローズ)
Handles.CloseHandleEx(pid, handle);
前提条件として、ハンドル一覧を取得したときのプロセスIDとハンドルが必要になります。
備忘録につき、参考までに....
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